Progressive Era Essays - 590 Words

From president Roosevelt becoming a vegetarian to the signing of the Treaty of Versailles, the progressive era, foreign policy, and World War one were major parts of United States history. The progressive movement was caused by labor unions and the presidents’ progressive plans. World War one and Open Door Policy caused the American Foreign Policy. This in many ways helped shape and increase American power in the early 20th Century. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The progressive movement was an effort made to help make America to be safer and make the economy better. Social Welfare and African American rights where things that improved during the progressive era. Election Reforms started to change so it would give more power to the people†¦show more content†¦nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The American Foreign Policy gave more power to the United States, which meant America’s dealings with other countries around the world. The true meaning to this was LAND = WEALTH = POWER. The Open Door Policy in 1899 was passed due to Secretary of State John Hay which he used Social Darwinism to write the Open Notes that opened the trading rights in Asia to the U.S. and other Western European Countries. A war broke out between Spain and U.S. when a letter was written criticizing the U.S. president and the explosion of the U.S.S. Maine. United States wins the war and gains Cuba, Puerto Rico and the Philippines. After That, U.S. Helped Panama gain independence from Colombia in return of building the Panama Canal which created a shortcut for military ships in the west coast to get faster to the east coast. Years pasted until in 1914, a war in Europe broke out due to the assassination of Archduke Ferdinand. United states stayed out of the war until 1917 due to four causes unrestricted submarine warfare, the sinking of Lusitania, economic relations with England and finally the Zimmerman Note. The note pissed off President Woodrow Wilson so he decides to declare war on Germany. The war was just trench warfare that led to new inventions. The war ended in 1918. Woodrow Wilson used his 14 points, which helpedShow MoreRelatedProgressives And The Progressive Era1253 Words   |  6 PagesThe progressive Era was times in History were local state and federal government took a leap forward in power and activism. In addition, the progressive era, was a time of development of new reforms and changes for America. Pro gressivism handles a wide range of problems and struggle for America. Such problems were created by unstructed industrialization, urbanization and immigration. As well as, the unfavorable distribution of power and wealth. Progressives believed strongly that problems such asRead MoreThe Progressive Era Of The Era1949 Words   |  8 Pagesshaped the United States throughout all of history. The most important of these changes, however, occurred during America’s progressive era. The Progressive era is defined as the time period of 1890 to 1920. Even though, progressive presidents were not in office during that entire time period, the ideals that they enacted and developed throughout the United States. The Progressive Era saw the expansion and contraction of political and economic freedoms through pure democracy. Socially, the new consumerRead MoreThe Progressive Era 938 Words   |  4 PagesThe Progressive Era was a time period between the years 1900-1920 and it marked a time i n American history in which society was bursting with enthusiasm to improve life in the industrial age by making political and social changes through government action that ultimately led to a higher quality of life for American citizens. Progressives were known for their beliefs in limiting the power of big business, strengthening the power of the states, and were advocators against corruption and social injusticeRead MoreThe Progressive Era845 Words   |  4 Pages1--Discuss, in detail, the main overall goals of the Progressives. The Progressive Era was mainly a retaliation to numerous changes and social effects that were happening in America. The era emerged in the 1800’s from complications with the latest industrial order, which included workers who protested about how their jobs were unsafe and exhausting. They also focused on byproducts such as immigration, urban growth, growing corporate power, and widening class divisions. They were also known as humanitariansRead MoreThe Progressive Era Of The Revolutionary Era1723 Words   |  7 Pagesthe reformist movement? Why? The root of the Progressive Era comes from the emergence of industrialism in the United States had created some terrible problems and they wanted to work together to change the U.S government. Therefore, address the problems that had come about from the Industrial Revolution. The progressive era was all about making advances in a better society, the feature of democracy during the progressive movement a lot of these progressive at local state levels started to focus on cleaningRead MoreThe Importance Of The Progressive Era1310 Words   |  6 Pages The Progressive era was a time in America’s history when people started to call for the government’s help to face the problems industrialization brought. This era was extremely important because it helped the people achieve better conditions and helped the government to make better use of its powers. One of the most potent groups of progressivists were muckrakers; they used journalism to bring forward problems and injustices in society and the work industry (McKeown). The Triangle Shirtwaist FireRead MoreThe Progressive Movement Of The American Progressive Era1259 Words   |  6 PagesWhen it comes to the American Progressive Era there is really no other movement like it. This was a movement that had not just one but many faces that ranged from people as big as Theodore Roosevelt and Woodrow Wilson to people like Jane Addams that accomplished so much. It was a movement so broad that it encompassed basically everyone and spoke not just to but for all those excluded from power. It also wasn’t just one big movement but a conglomeration of them varying from social, to economic, toRead More The Progressive Era Essay798 Words   |  4 Pagesall power rested with the politicians and businessmen. Reformers known as Progressives attempted to undo the problems caused by industrialization. The Progressive movement sought to end the influence of large corporations, provide more rights and benefits to wor kers, and end the control possessed by party leaders. At the national level, Progressivism centered on defeating the power of large businesses. The Progressive Era was a period in American history in which improving working conditions, exposingRead More The Progressive Era Essay984 Words   |  4 Pages The Progressive Era nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Progressivism in the United States took place in the period between the Spanish-American War and the entry of the United States into the great World War. It was a time for change in America in all walks of life, as well as a time for reform. It was marked by Theodore Roosevelts 7 and a half years in office, the Rough Rider put it upon himself to make the first strides towards reform. These reforms included the cracking down on illegal monopoliesRead MoreThe During The Progressive Era989 Words   |  4 PagesDuring the Progressive Era, various groups responded to the political, social, and economic woes that resulted from the rapid industrialization and urbanization of America during the 19th Century. The mass immigration of foreigners and the northern migration of Africa-Americans led to urban overcrowding and competition for wage-paying jobs. Electric lighting allowed factories to expand the working hours and increase the output of manufactured goods. There was little regulation for employee welfare

Does the Military Continue to Have Sexual Harassment and...

Does the Military Continue to Have Sexual Harassment and Discrimination Against Women in the 90s? Yes, the military does have sexual harassment and discrimination against women in the nineties. Firestone and co-researcher Richard J. Hurns analyzed a 1988 DOD Survey of men and women in the military and found that 51.8 % of men and 74.6% of women reported either experiencing or knowing of sexual harassment. Among the women surveyed, 70.1% had experienced sexual talk or behavior at the work place [that] created an offensive, hostile or intimidating environment. Among the men, 36.9% gave the same answer.(1) The percent of women being sexually harassed is much higher than the percent of men being harassed. Even though it is not†¦show more content†¦Women can get the feeling of not trusting anyone in the military command easier than women for two reasons. One, 99 percent of commanding ranks are taken by men, and two, men are more likely to help men than women. A woman can not get help from a commanding officer thats a woman, because the commanding officer is probably in a rut of her own. Women should join forces and overthrow the men in charge. The US would see a dramatic difference in sexual harassment cases reported. A Pentagon Survey of 90,000 service members showed that, overall, sexual harassment in the military is declining, but still common, involving over half the women in the military. The number of women reporting any type of sexual harassment in the previous twelve months dropped from 64 percent in a 1988 survey of all the services to 55 percent, according to the report. The unreleased documents indicated that among the individual services, the Navy improved the most over that period. For 1995, that number had dropped to 53 percent. The Air Force, as in 1988, continued to show the lowest overall percentage of harassment among women surveyed, dropping from 57 percent to 49 percent.(4) The Navy has made a strong and thoughtful effort towards the declining of sexual harassment since the Tailhook scandal. In fact, all the services have. Beginning this year, equal opportunity training is to be received by everyone. Everyone should strive for not tolerating discrimination or

Managerial Characteristics Moderate Relationship †MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Managerial Characteristics Moderate Relationship. Answer: Introduction: Marketing mix is the set of aspects in an organization that is used as an instrument to promote the products or services that are offered by the company these aspects are under the control of the company and can be manipulated by the management of the company. According to the traditional concept of marketing mix there are 4 Ps namely: product, price, place and promotion. According to the modern concept there are much more aspects added to the theory: physical environment, process and people are the new addition to the concept (Huang and Sarigll 2014). William blue institute of hospitality management offers full time bachelors degrees and skill development courses in various hospitality sectors such as event management, tourism, culinary, commercial cookery, English. It is regarded as one of Australias leading and reputed institute recognized by the Torrens University. The idea of marketing is to reach and communicate effectively with the target market of the product or service. Product: the service that the college offers is more than just a degree in the sector it is an exposure to meet relevant people from the industry to help build and develop skill sets in order to excel in the field of hospitality. The college offers a wide range of facilities to the students enrolled like workshops, internships in the industrys best options available. William Blue Dinning is an affordable and high quality food restaurant that is run by the students of the institute, practical learning experience is the best way to gain insight and knowledge about any industry. Hospitality is an industry that is better known in the practical arena than theoretically. The college also offers placement to the students in the desired industry (Hanssens et al. 2014). Price: The course fee is reasonable and nominal and is at par with the standard of the fees. The course is customizable according to the requirements of the student and the qualities of the educators are top notch along with the industry professional who visits the campus as guest lecturers. Student loan program are also available. Place: The college offers online and offline courses for the students who are willing to learn on campus or are willing to enroll for a distance course (Mintz and Currim 2015). Promotion: the college has a wide range of promotional activities that are backed by the target market and the price of the product. The promotional activities are mostly related to the digital arena as the social media is one of the most important aspects of the target market. People: The academics and the educators who are associated with the institute are recognized and popular people in their respective field. Physical environment: the website and the online education process is very user friendly and has a wide approach towards the diverse range of courses that are offered. The campus is also large and has a large capacity of students with a student friendly atmosphere. Process: the website of the institute explains in details the procedure of application to enroll in a course, apply for a scholarship. It also allows the student to customize the curse according to the relevance and requirement of the student (Baker 2014). Reference list: Baker, M. J. (2014). Marketing strategy and management. Palgrave Macmillan. Hanssens, D.M., Pauwels, K.H., Srinivasan, S., Vanhuele, M. and Yildirim, G., 2014. Consumer attitude metrics for guiding marketing mix decisions.Marketing Science,33(4), pp.534-550. Huang, R. and Sarigll, E., 2014. How brand awareness relates to market outcome, brand equity, and the marketing mix. InFashion Branding and Consumer Behaviors(pp. 113-132). Springer New York. Mintz, O. and Currim, I.S., 2015. When does metric use matter less? How firm and managerial characteristics moderate the relationship between metric use and marketing mix performance.European Journal of Marketing,49(11/12), pp.1809-1856.

Memory Scanning

Abstract The key purpose of this study was to measure reaction time and accuracy of responses to a certain stimulus (digit) during a memory-scanning task. This research originates from a series of experiments, conducted by Saul Sternberg, who examined the relation between the reaction time and the size of the set. This research aims to test a hypothesis which postulates the reaction time is directly proportionate to the size of the set.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Memory Scanning specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Introduction Mental chronometry has long been of great interests to psychologists and neuroscientists; in particular, they study those factors that determine the response time (RT). Such studies are usually based on the so-called stage theory according to which perception and reaction to a stimulus or irritant consists of multiple-processes or mental operations, and RT depends on the number of these o perations (Donders, as cited in Sternberg, 1969, p 61). Overall, RT may also be determined by the type of stimulus, its intensity, duration, or the type of reaction, needed (Rosenbaum, 2009). Furthermore, one should not forget about individual characteristics of a person such as his age and the state of his health. In this paper, I would like to describe an experiment that has recently neen conducted. Its key objective was to measure the reaction time, needed for a memory-scanning task. This experiment is similar to that one conducted by Saul Sternberg in 1968. He hypothesized that the reaction time, required for a memory scanning exercise is influenced by the type and number of mental operations, performed by the respondent (Sternberg, 1969, p 454). The essence of this experiment lies in the following: respondents are required to memorize a set of digits (the number of items in the set ranges from two to five); afterward the subjects are provided with a stimulus also in the form of a digit, from 0 to 9. The responds need to determine whether the probe was present in the previous set of digits or not (Sternberg, 1968). By conducting such experiments, Saul Sternberg ascertained that reaction time was directly-proportionate to the number of items within the set of digits; in other words, if the experimenter increases the digit set, the response time will also increase, and vice versa. He also postulated that the subject usually conducted exhaustive serial search, rather than self-terminating search, which means that he/she checked all items in the digit set, even despite the fact that the stimulus had already been identified (Sternberg, 1968). This is the key hypothesis, which needs to be tested in the course of this research. On the whole, his experiments support the stage theory, which relies on the idea that reaction time is a sum of mental processes and that it is possible to decompose the reaction time into several parts (Sternberg, 1969, p 421). Sternberg relies on the idea that the reaction time is determined by the total amount of mental operations, such as recognition of the stimulus and organization of the response (Sternberg, 1969). In his study, he excludes such factors as the type of stimulus or its intensity.Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Methodology The subjects for this experiment were seven students from an experimental psychology class. They were briefed on the purpose of the study and the experiment. Afterward, each of them was directed into an individual cubicle so that their attention was not distracted to any other stimuli such as light or noise. In the course of this research, the following tools were used: Windows XP desktop computers, placed in each room, and such program as SuperLab Pro which is quite suitable for such experiments. The participants were asked to follow instructions that flashed on the screen. At first, they needed to memorize a number, (the number of digits ranged from one to six). Afterword, they were digit a digit. They were asked whether this digit was present in the previous number or not. If they answer was positive, the participants needed to press slash (/) located at the right side of the keyboard, and if the answer was negative they needed to push Z, located at the left side. The task of the subjects was to respond as quickly and as accurately as possible. Finally, the participants were completely debriefed about the experiment. These are the key steps, taken in the course of this study. It should be noted that in this experiment, the participants were allowed a limited amount of time in order to memorize the digit set; namely, they had only sixty seconds. The thing is that this mental scanning exercise is designed specifically for a short-term memory, which lasts for several seconds. Furthermore, short-term memory can only hold 7 ±2 symbols, as it was ascertaine d by George Miller (1956, p 344). Although this article is not directly related to Sternberg’s experiment, it is crucial for our understanding of short-term memory and its functioning. It shows that the individual capacity of a short-term memory varies, and subsequently this individual characteristic impacts the reaction time. In this research, it is possible to single out two independent variables: 1) the size of the initial set and 2) presence or absence of the stimulus (digit) in the initial set. In turn, the dependent variables are the reaction time and accuracy of responses. This study aims to measure the relations between these variables. It should also be noted that the focus of this study is on digit recognition, not letters or any other symbol. The thing is that digit recognition and letter recognition are separate processes, and different parts of human brain are responsible for them (Polk Farah, 1998). This is one of the reasons why the findings of this experiment cannot be applicable in all cases.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Memory Scanning specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Findings This experiment has demonstrated that the response time is longer when the stimulus (digit) is present in the set. In this case, mean (M) equaled 3371.83 milliseconds, while standard deviation was 3447.54. In turn, when the stimulus is not present in the set, the average response time was 2135.68 milliseconds, while SD equaled 1176.20. Sternberg explains this phenomenon by the fact that the subject has to cope with an item recognition task, which increases the response time (1968, p 424). Yet, I would like to say that in my study the effect of present of absence was not statistically significant[1]. In this case, F equaled 1,6, or 3.246 milliseconds. In turn, p-value was 12. Under the circumstances, it is possible to speak about the so-called null hypothesis, which means that there is no relationship between the presence or absence of the stimulus, on the one hand, and response time, on the other. Interaction effect of presence and size was only marginally significant. On the whole, these findings are in line with the hypothesis, proposed by Saul Sternberg who believed that while doing a memory-scanning task, a person relies on the exhaustive search rather than self-terminating search (1968, p 454). In other words, he/she checks all items (digits) of the set, even despite the fact that the probe has already been identified. This experiment has also indicated that there is some marginal interdependence between the size of the initial set and response time. The findings of this research show that the main effect of size was also not very significant (5, 30) = 1.673, p=.17. It could be observed that the reaction time had been shorter if the initial set consisted of a smaller number of digits. Nevertheless, there is another factor, which needs to be considered; it is th e sequence of the digits within the set. We do not know what kind numbers the participants were required to memorize, we only know that they could consist of one to six digits. Let us suppose that that the number to be remembered is 612389, while the stimulus is 6; in such scenario, it is quite possible that the subject will not do a self-terminating search rather than exhaustive serial search. As soon as he detects the stimulus, he will press the necessary button, and his reaction time will be much shorter. In part, this idea is supported by the findings of this study: in one case, the subject had to identify a stimulus within five-digit set, and it took them 7243.93 milliseconds; in the other case, they needed to do the same task but the set consisted of six digits and the reaction time was actually shorter 2553.9 milliseconds. This inconsistency can be accounted by the fact that the digit was at the very beginning of the set.Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More As far as accuracy of responses is concerned, I would to say that the effect of present was not statistically significant. In this case, F equals 1, 6 or 337, while p-value is 58[2]. This data indicates that participants were equally accurate in their responses to the stimuli irrespective of their presence of absence within the initial set. In addition to that, the findings suggest that the interaction between the presence and size did not affect the accuracy of responses. Therefore, the key findings can be summarized in this way: 1) the presence effect is only marginally significant; it affects the reaction time and accuracy only to a small extent; 2) subsequently, the set size is also of little statistical importance. Nevertheless, these results do not refute the hypothesis, formulated by Saul Sternberg. The reaction time is directly-proportionate to the number of digits in the set. Still, one has to bear in mind that some these results can be partially explained by the limitation s of this study, which will be discussed in the next section of the paper. Discussion On the whole, the results of this experiment cannot be regarded as conclusive due to several reasons. First, while selecting the subjects for this research, I did not take into account the individual differences of short-term memory. Again, as George Miller (1956) points out it can hold 7 ±2 symbols items; this means that some people can easily memorize a set of six or five digits, whereas others cannot cope with this task. Thus, it is quite probable that memory-scanning exercise would more or less difficult for some of the participants. This is why a researcher has to pay more attention to the choice of subjects, as these people must have the same capacity of short-term memory. For this purpose, one has to carry out a set of preliminary tests that evaluate memorization skills of the person. The second limitation of this research is insufficient sampling. This research included only seven subject s; while as a rule, such studies encompass at least fifty participants; otherwise, it is hardly permissible to make any generalizations. Again, this discussion leads us to the debate as which type of search the subjects usually undertake while doing memory-scanning exercises. It can be either a serial exhaustive search, which means that the search does not cease as soon as the digit is identified, more likely, the search goes on until all items in the set have been checked or it can be a self-terminating search that ends as soon as the target has been located (Townsend, 2001, p 1102). Even at this point, scholars cannot state for sure which type of search, a person does while doing memory scanning exercises. The study by James Townsend (2001) has indicated that the type of search may depend upon the position of the stimulus within the search set. Another issue, which should be discussed, is that reaction time strongly depends upon the type of stimulus. For example, Thad Polk and Mar tha Farah believe that the reaction time for letter and digit recognition is not the same, and that a person requires less time to recognize a letter rather than a digit (1998, p 852). Furthermore, the authors argue that the neural substrates, which are responsible for letter recognition, are separated from those ones, underlying the recognition of letters (Polk Farah, 1998, p 852). This research does not cast doubt on the validity of our study; however, it does suggest that there are some other factors, affecting the reaction time, namely, the type of stimulus. To a large extent, this study by Polk and Farah extends the scope of Sternberg’s experiments as it shows that there is another factor that influences reaction time and it is the type of the stimulus. Moreover, one should not forget that such in itself, such research method as a controlled experiment has several disadvantages; one of them is the so-called observer effect, which means that the behavior of a subject cha nges when he/she is aware of being observed. One should remember that the participants were informed about the tasks that they will need to perform prior to the start of the experiment, which means that to some extent, they were ready for this memory-scanning exercise. There is great likelihood that this circumstance could have affected the results of the experiment. These are the major drawbacks of the study, and one can argue that aspects of the research design should have been changed. First, the number of participants should be much larger because the initial sample size is sufficient for such studies. Secondly, the short-term memory of each subject should be tested beforehand because the participants of such studies must have similar memorization skills. Finally, it might be prudent to test not only digit recognition but letter recognition as well, because the reaction time for these processes may vary. Conclusion Mental chronometry still remains one of the most thought-provoki ng issues in psychology and neuroscience. There are several questions, which have yet to be answered, for instance, scholars have not ascertained which type of mental search a person undertakes, while performing a memory-scanning task. The choice is between two options: self-terminating search or serial exhaustive search. The results of Sternberg’s experiments support exhaustive search hypothesis, however, this assumption, even now but this assumption has not been proved completely. Another area of research that is of great interest to psychologists, linguists, and neuroscientists is the difference between digit recognition and letter recognition. Apart from that, it is necessary to examine the impact of short-term memory capacity on recognition process and reaction time. The experiment which has been conducted for this study substantiates the hypothesis, which we have advanced at the very beginning: namely, the size of the digit set increases the reaction time. Furthermore, the present or absence of the stimuli within the set also influences accuracy of responses and reaction. Nonetheless, one should take it into consideration that the statistical data in support of these assumptions is only marginally significant. Appendixes Figure 1 Figure 2 Reference List Miller G. (1956) The Magical Number Seven, Plus or Minus Two Some Limits on Our Capacity for Processing Information. Psychological Review, (101), 2, pp. 343-352. Web. Polk T. Farah M. (1998). The neural development and organization of letter recognition: Evidence from functional neuroimaging, computational modeling, and behavioral studies. The National Academy of Sciences, pp. 847-852. Web. Rosenbaum D. 2009 Human Motor Control. NY: Academic Press. Sternberg S. (1969). Memory-scanning: mental processes revealed by reaction-time  experiments. American Scientist, (57), 4, pp. 421- 457. Townsend. J. (2001). A clarification of self-terminating versus exhaustive variances  in serial and parallel models. Perception Psychophysics. (63), 6, pp. 1101-1106. Web. Footnotes Refer to Figure 1 Refer to Figure 2 This essay on Memory Scanning was written and submitted by user Franco Byers to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.